Incredible Kashmir

The thawing of ice and the blossoming of flowers, mark the advent of spring, rending a heady fragrance, with the blossoming flowers on trees, shrubs and creepers. While summer heightens the effect, autumn is poignant, in its colors of warm introspection. Winter brings with it snow, sometimes the Dal Lake freezes and beneath a leaden sky, roasted chestnuts, turn the atmosphere aromatic with

the promise of warmth and comfort.While the Dal Lake and the Mughal Gardens are popular haunts throughout the year, this crowded, colorful city, is unique because of its lakes - the Dal, Nagin and Anchar and the oldest and largest of mosques including the Hazratbal, a monument, which houses a holy relic of the prophet,and offcourse jamia masjid,the biggest mosque in kashmir and increbible archetecture,Sultan Sikander built Jamia Masjid in 1400,Kashmir is rightly said to be Natures grand finale of beauty. In this masterpiece of earth's creation, seasons in strong individuality vie with one another, in putting up exquisite patterns of charm and loveliness.Nature has left an indelible mark on the folk performances of Kashmir, as they are intimately interlined, with the moods and movements of the seasons. The major festivals that are celebrated with great pomp and show include the Id - ul - Fitr, Id - ul - Zuha, Shivratri, and Diwali.
Something more about KashmirKashmir is a multi-faceted diamond, changing its hues with the seasons - always extravagantly beautiful. Two major Himalayan ranges, the Great Himalayan Range and the Pir Panjal, surround the landscape from the north and south respectively. They are the source of great rivers, which flow down into the valleys, forested with orchards and decorated by lily-laden lakes.

The Mughals aptly called Kashmir ‘Paradise on Earth’ where they journeyed across the hot plains of India, to the valley’s cool environs in summer. Here they laid, with great love and care, Srinagar’s many formal, waterfront gardens, now collectively known as the Mughal Gardens. Anecdotes of four and five centuries ago describe their love for these gardens, and the rivalries that centred around their ownership. They also patronized the development of art & craft among the people of Kashmir, leaving behind a heritage of exquisite artisanship among thes people and making the handicrafts of the land prized gifts all over the world.Kashmir is a land where myriad holiday ideas are realised. In winter, when snow carpets the mountains, there is skiing, tobogganing, sledge-riding, etc. along the gentle slopes. In spring and summer, the honey-dewed orchards, rippling lakes and blue skies beckon every soul to sample the many delights the mountains and valleys have to offer. Golfing at 2,700 m above the sea, water-skiing in the lakes and angling for prized rainbow trout, or simply drifting down the willow fringed alleys of lakes in shikaras and living in gorgeous houseboats are some of the most favoured ones.
SEASON
In summer, daisies carpet parks and gardens all over Kashmir Kashmir has four distinct seasons, each with its own peculiar character and distinctive charm. These are spring, summer, autumn and winter.Spring, which extends roughly from March to early May, is when a million blossoms carpet the ground. The weather during this time can be gloriously pleasant at 23oC or chilly and windy at 6oC. This is the season when Srinagar experiences rains, but the showers are brief.Summer extends from May until the end of August. Light woollens may be required to wear out of Srinagar. In higher altitudes night temperatures drop slightly. Srinagar at this time experiences day temperatures of between 25oC and 35oC. At this time, the whole valley is a mosaic of varying shades of green - rice fields, meadows, trees, etc. and Srinagar with its lakes and waterways is a heaven after the scorching heat of the Indian plains.The onset of autumn, perhaps Kashmir's loveliest season, is towards September, when green turns to gold and then to russet and red. The highest day temperatures in September are around 23oC and night temperatures dip to 10oC by October, and further drop by November, when heavy woollens are essential.Through December, to the beginning of March is winter time, which presents Srinagar in yet another mood. Bare, snow-covered landscapes being watched from beside the warmth of a fire is a joy that cannot be described to anyone who has not experienced it. Some houseboats and hotels remain open in winter-these are either centrally heated or heated with ‘bukharis’, a typically Kashmiri stove kept alight with embers of wood, quite effective in the winter.

.

wanna see my complete profile just click the link below

http://www.ovase.co.cc/

Local Transport in Kashmir

The main means and mode of transport in Kashmir are the Mini buses and Taxis. Apart from that also, there are some other ways of commuting in the valley.
Read on the this Kashmir transportation guide to know more about local transport in Kashmir:

CoachesLuxury coaches are available for tourists for the purpose of local sightseeing. The buses are operated by J&K Tourism Development Corporation (J&K TDC) and the J&K State Road Transport Corporation (J&K SRTC).
Tourist TaxisTaxis are easily available for local sightseeing as well as trips and excursions out of Srinagar.
Mini BusMini buses are the most common and widely used local transport in Kashmir. The buses operate throughout the city as well as the suburban areas on fixed routes.
Auto rickshawsThroughout the city, auto rickshaws are easily available for the purpose of commuting

Tourist Guides

Hiring tourist guides, while visiting a new place is a good idea. Otherwise, you are likely to miss excellent, but little known, attractions of the place.
You if you are planning to visit the Kashmir valley, it will prove to be beneficial to hire a tourist guide for local sightseeing etc. Tourist guides in
Kashmir are easily available and most of them speak fluently in English. Some of them even know French, German, Japanese, etc.
However, one needs to exercise a little caution while hiring as well as while dealing with the tourist guides in Kashmir, as well as any other city in India.
Given below are some tips for handling Kashmir guides: Try to avoid hiring tourist guides that are not registered with the government or the tourism department. However, you can always hire the ones recommended
by your hotel authorities. Don't get too friendly with the guides. Be polite and give them due respect, but maintain a little distance. Do not talk about money matters or take out too much cash in front of them. Just like everywhere else, you can always bargain with the tourist guides in Kashmir also. If you want, you may give some money in advance. However, reserve the major portion of the tip till the end of their service.

Languages of Kashmir

The most dominant of all Kashmir languages is the native Kashmiri language. Other common languages of Kashmir valley are Urdu, Hindi and English. The
following lines provide more information about the major languages spoken in Kashmir: Kashmiri Majority of the population in Kashmir speaks.
KashmiriKashmiri is an Indo-Aryan language and is popularly known as Koshur.
HindiThe second most spoken language of Kashmir is Hindi. It is mainly spoken by the Kashmiri Pandits and the Gujjar population of Kashmir.
UrduThe Muslim population in Kashmir speaks Urdu language. An Indo-European language, it sounds very much similar to Hindi. Also, Urdu is the only language that
is written and read from right to left.
EnglishYou will easily find locals conversing in English in Kashmir, especially the businessmen, guides, etc.

Lakes in Kashmir

A visit to the lakes of Kashmir is a must for those on a tour to the valley. In fact, the city of Srinagar itself is quite famous for its lakes. Peace,
serenity, calm, tranquility all defines the beautiful lakes of Kashmir. Apart from that, the delightful backdrop of the lakes almost leaves you speechless.
Then, there are the amazing shikaras and houseboats on the lake that further add to the enjoyment. Some of the famous lakes in Kashmir are:
Dal LakeThe Dal Lake is one of the most beautiful lakes, not only in Kashmir, rather in the whole of India. It is the second largest lake in Kashmir and is almost 6 km by 3 km in size. The main attractions of the lake are the encircling mountains, blossoming gardens and orchards, Shikaras and Houseboats.
Nagin LakeNagin Lake, a subsidiary of the Dal Lake, is regarded as a separate lake. Swimming, diving and boating are some of its major attraction. Its picturesque
locales consist of Shankaracharya hill, Hari Parbat and a number of willow and poplar trees along its banks.
Manasbal LakeLocated approximately 28 km from Srinagar is the charming Manasbal Lake. It is one of the largest natural haunts of aquatic birds In Kashmir.
Anchar Lake Situated amongst scenic surroundings, the Anchar Lake is best enjoyed with the help of a Shikara. The lake serves as a bird watcher's paradise. A large
number of exotic bird s
pecies can be seen here.

Kashmir Wooden Carvings

The wooden carvings of Kashmir are quite popular throughout the country. The exquisite woodcarvings are proof of the skill and talent of the traditional
craftsmen of Kashmir. Another one of the reasons for the popularity of the wooden handicrafts of Kashmir is the use of the walnut wood, which is found in the
state only. This is because the valley is the only place in India where walnut trees grow. The woodwork products are built out of wood from three parts of
the tree - the branches, the trunk and the root.
There is a difference between branch wood and trunk wood. The branch wood has the palest color and no veins, while the trunk wood is the darkest with the
strongest marked veins. Amongst all the wooden handicrafts of Kashmir, the ones made out of the root are the costliest. Another reason that leads to
differentiation in cost is the originality of the carving and the amount of the carving. Some of the designs carved on wood are that of chinar leaves, vine
leaves flowers, etc. The woodwork of Kashmir consists of trinket boxes, jewelry boxes, salad bowls, nut bowls, photo frames, trays, furniture, etc. the cost
of the carved wooden furniture depends upon the thickness of the wood used.

Kashmir Shawls

The Kashmir valley is known for its shawls throughout the world. Kashmir shawls are of many types- wool, pashmina, jamawar, and shahtoosh. They differ on the
basis of the fabric used to make them. Simultaneously, all these shawls differ to a great extent in their prices also. The woolen shawls are the most
affordable, being within reach of the common man. While, the shahtoosh shawls are the most expensive, usually a one-in-a-lifetime purchase. The pashmina
shawls fall in between. Have a look at different types of Kashmiri shawls yourself!
Woolen ShawlsThe woolen shawls of Kashmir have beautiful embroidery work done on them. The price of the woolen shawls depends upon the type of wool used and the fineness
of the embroidery. Kashmiri wool, known as raffel, is 100 percent pure and the embroidery done is quite unique to the valley.
Pashmina ShawlsKashmiri Pashmina shawl is one of the most popular shopping items of the state. The shawls are adorned with exquisite embroidery and are extremely soft. The
main types of embroidery done on the Pashmina shawls are sozni, papier-mache and aari. Sozni, needlework in a panel on the sides of the shawl, uses abstract
designs or stylized paisleys and flowers as motifs. Papier-mache and needlework is done either in broad panels on either side along the breadth of a shawl or
covers the entire surface of a shawl. Motifs consist of flowers and leaves outlined in black. Aari is hook embroidery that makes use of flower design for its
motifs.
Shahtoosh ShawlsShahtoosh shawls are made from the hair of the Tibetan antelope (Pantholops Hodgsoni). It is found in the plateau of Tibet and the eastern part of Ladakh, at
an altitude of above 5,000 m. Shahtoosh shawls are extremely light, soft and warm. These shawls are awfully expensive, because of the scarcity of the raw
material. The shawls may be pure, made from shahtoosh yarn alone, or mixed with pashmina. Within the pure shahtoosh shawls also, there are many qualities.
Shahtoosh shawls are rarely dyed and have little embroidery on them.

Kashmir Paper Mache

The papier-mâché of Kashmir is a popular handicraft item. Even though all the paper-maches of Kashmir look similar at first glance, they command different
prices. The price depends upon the type and the quality of the product. There are no less than three different qualities of papier-mache, each having a
distinct value. The procedure of making paper-mache is quite complex. The first step is to soak papier-mache in water till the time it starts disintegrating.
After that, pounding of the papier-mache is followed by addition of an adhesive solution to it. Then, the blend is shaped over moulds and allowed to dry and
set. The last step in the process is printing and varnishing of the papier-mache.
If the papier-mache is not thoroughly pounded, a smooth finish will not come through. Kashmiri Papier-mache products are painted with brightly colored
designs. The products can be easily differentiated on the basis of the creativity and skill of the craftsmen as well as the choice of the colors used.

Papier-mache objects make extensive use of Gold. Either the whole of the design is painted in gold or certain motifs are highlighted with the color. The
quality of the gold used is another determinant of the value of the product. Papier- mache products with pure gold leaf are costlier than bronze dust or gold
poster paint.
There are numerous papier-mache products available in Kashmir, right from the highly expensive ones to the quite cheaper ones. Amongst the cheaper options
are eggcups, candle stands, pen stands, kumkum boxes, cigarette boxes, etc. These products make use of poster paint. On the other hand are much expensive
vases, bowls, trays and a number of other products. Painted by expert artisans, they make use of the real gold leaf. It can be concluded that what determines
the value of a papier-mache product is the skill of the artisan and the type of gold used.

The saffron and dry fruits of Kashmir are renowned throughout the world. Infact, the only place in the world, other than Spain, where saffron grows is
Pampore, outside Srinagar. The most expensive spice in the world, saffron is quite rare too. However, you can easily find sealed jars of saffron in Srinagar,
affixed with the Government laboratory's stamp approval. Along with saffron, dry fruits of Kashmir are equally popular. The climate of the valley is
conducive for dry fruit growing, especially for walnut and almond trees. Another famous product of Kashmir is natural honey, produced in the numerous
apiaries in the valley. So, if you take a trip to the valley don't forget to buy Kashmiri saffron & dry fruits, along with the delicious natural honey.

Shopping in Kashmir

Shopping in Kashmir is a truly an overwhelming and delightful experience. A shopper's paradise, Kashmir offers numerous shopping attractions to its visitors.
The amazing handicrafts of the valley of Kashmir truly match its scenic beauty. A tour to Kashmir will leave you mesmerized not only with the beauty of the
state, but also with its remarkable arts and crafts. A reflection of the colorful life of the Kashmiris, Kashmiri handicrafts are usually made by the women
folk of the family.
Before you set out on the trip to Kashmir, is it advisable that you get to know the local handicrafts and other shopping items of Kashmir. This Kashmir
shopping guide will help you further to explore the popular shopping items and shopping destinations of the Kashmir valley.
Kashmiri handicrafts are known for their uniqueness and work far and wide. Some of the handicraft items of Kashmir have even earned global recognition. The
Pashmina shawls of Kashmir are one of such handicraft items that are famous throughout the world. Have a look at some of the main shopping attractions of
Jammu and Kashmir include Carpets, Papier-mache, Shawls, Silk and Tweeds, Woodwork, Pherans, Brass, Copper and Silverware,Wall hangings with naqqashi work,
Chain Stitch Embroidery, Saris Cricket Bats, Wicker baskets, Crewel Furnishings, Namdas etc.
CarpetsThe handmade carpets of Kashmir are famous throughout the world. Though quite expensive, Kashmiri carpets are a worthwhile lifelong investment. Apart from
being always handmade, another quality of Kashmir carpets is that they are always knotted, never tufted.
Papier-macheThe papier-mâché of Kashmir is a popular handicraft item. Even though all the paper-maches of Kashmir look similar at first glance, they command different
prices. The price depends upon the type and the quality of the product.
ShawlsThe Kashmir valley is known for its shawls throughout the world. Kashmir shawls are mainly of three types- wool, pashmina and shahtoosh. They differ on the
basis of the fabric used to make them. Simultaneously, all these shawls differ to a great extent in their prices also.
Silk and TweedsKashmir silk and tweed are some of the items that are invariably high on the shopping list of all those coming to the Kashmir valley. Infact, sericulture and
tweed weaving counts amongst the important occupations of the Kashmiris.
WoodworkThe wooden carvings of Kashmir are quite popular throughout the country. The exquisite woodcarvings are proof of the skill and talent of the traditional
craftsmen of Kashmir.
The shopping places in Kashmir consist of privately owned as well as the government emporia. If you are visiting private shops then a little bit of bargain
is advisable otherwise the Government Emporiums are a safe bait. Lal Chowk Badshah Chowk Polo View

Kashmir Map

The state of Jammu and Kashmir consists of three divisions: Jammu, Kashmir Valley and Ladakh. The state of jammu and Kashmir has two capitals: Jammu in winter while the beautiful Srinagar in summer. Kashmir, also known as "Paradise on Earth", stretches through high mountains, valleys, forests and some serene and beautiful lakes. For ages, Jammu and Kashmir has been famous for its natural beauty. The natural beauty and some important pilgrimage destinations make the state one of the most important tourist spots in India.
Tourists and adventure lovers from all over visit the state of Jammu and kashmir every year. Some of the most important tourist attractions in the state are Gulmarg, Sonamarg, Pahalgam, Leh, Ladakh and Patnitop. Jammu is known for its temples while Srinagar is famous for its lakes and houseboats. The culture and people of Leh and Ladakh are yet another attraction of the state. Besides the natural beauty that the state offers, you also get to enjoy various adventure sports and activities like trekking, rafting, golfing and skiing. The traditional Kashmiri food/cuisine and handicrafts also add to the attraction of Kashmir. The map of Jammu and kashmir help you to locate the important destinations in the state. Kashmir travel map also helps you to plan a hassle free tour of Jammu and Kashmir

Kishtwar High Altitude National Park

Sanctuary OverviewKishtwar Hi-gh Altitude Na-tional Park in Jammu is in-teresting for the marked variations in topography and vegetation that occur here. Spread over an area of 400 sq km, the park contains 15 mammal species including the musk deer, and Himalavan black and brown bear. There are 50 species of birds. Prime mammal viewing season is from March to May. Kishtwar High Altitude National Park in Jammu is interesting for the marked variations in topography and vegetation that occur here.
Arriving At Kishtwar Hi-gh Altitude Na-tional ParkBy Flight : Nearest airport is situated at Jammu (250-km). By Trackways : Nearest railhead is Jammu (248-km). By Roadways : The road is constructed up to Ikhala, but bus services are operated up to Plamer only, which is 20-km north of Kishtwar. Book a tour to Kishtwar High Altitude National ParkThe Park EcosystemThe Animal BeingsSpread over an area of 400-sq-kms, the park contains 15 mammal species including the Musk Deer, Markhor, Hangul, Langur, Leopard and Himalayan Black and Brown Bear.
The VegetationThe sanctuary area is characterised by marked variations in topography, climate and altitude as a result of which different types of forest vegetation occur. The principal tree species are Cedrus Deodara, Pinus Gerardiana, Pinus Wallichiana, Juglans Regia, etc. The dominant shrubs are Parrotiopsis Jacquemontiana, and Desmodium Tiliaefolium. The major herbs include Dipsacus Mitis, Artemisia Vulgaris, etc.
The Winged BeingsFifty species of birds also exist here and the main species are the Himalayan Jungle Crow, Griffon Vulture, Bearded Vulture, Golden Oriole, Paradise Flycatcher, White Cheeked Bulbul, and Indian Mynah

Dah and Hanu

The Nature In Isolation Dah & Hanu are places, at a far side of the great Indus River. Surrounded by the great Hindukush mountains and inhabited by a dynamic & gentle people who have a bank of strange legends to relate for the weary traveller's ears. Living in almost sheer seclusion, Dah & Hanu, the two villages can be accessed only by a really backbreaking road ride, which skirts a sheer cliff face with the river flowing fast and furious below

The park Ecosystem

The Park EcosystemThe Animal BeingsThe Park is the habitat of the endangered Hangul or the Kashmir stag - the only species of red Deer to be found in India. Winter is the best time to view the Hangul, when they congregate in the shelter of the lower valleys. Other inhabitants include the Himalayan Black Bear, species of wild Goat like the Markhor and Ibex and varieties of exotic Himalayan birds.
The leopard, which is the only predator in this paradise, is rarely seen as also the elusive snow leopard, which is found in the higher altitudes. Other animals include the rare musk deer and the Himalayan marmot.
The Winged BeingsThere over 150 species of birds inhabiting park's vicinity. Colourful pheasants include the Crimson Tragopan, the iridescent Monal Pheasant with its glittering plumage, the Blood Pheasant and the Koklass Pheasant. The golden Eagle and the bearded Vulture or Lammergeier are seen circling the brilliant blue skies.
The Major Fascinations at Dachigam National ParkAmidst forests of silver birch and conifer roams the Hangul. Rare and on the verge of extinction till a few years ago, the national park at Dachigam contains the last viable Hangul population in the world. Related to the red Deer of Europe, this breed is characterised by its white rump patch and impressive spread of antlers.


Gulmarg Biosphere Reserve
Sanctuary Overview Gulmarg Biosphere Reserve is just 48 km from Srinagar, to its southwest. The reserve has an area of 180 sq km, and an altitudinal range of 2,400 - 4,300 meters above sea level. Fauna includes Himalayan musk deer, red fox, brown and black bear. among avifauna are upland birds, both resident and migratory. The best time for animal viewing is September to March and for bird viewing March to May. It is famous for retaining several rare and endangered species such as the musk deer, and a rich and varied avifauna.
Arriving At Gulmarg Biosphere ReserveBy Flight : The Srinagar airport is 57 km away. By Trackways : Nearest railhead is Jammu (342-km). By Roadways : Regular buses ply from Srinagar, which is 48-km away from the reserve areaBook a tour to Gulmarg Biosphere ReserveThe Park EcosystemThe Animal BeingNature has gifted this Biosphere Reserve with multiple species of rare, endangered and protected species. The main species found over here are Hangul, Musk Deer, Serow, Brown Bear, Leopard, Black Bear and Red Fox, etc.
The VegetationThe area holds a rich cover of vegetation, the dominant forest consisting of conifers, which account for over 90% of forest. The principal species are Cedrus Deodara, Pinus Griffithii, Abies Pindrow, Aesculus Indica, etc. The major shrubs are Indigofera Heterantha, Sorbaria Tomentosa, etc. The ground cover over here is also very rich and Dicotyledonus herbs dominate the area, comprising of Rumex Patientia, etc.
The Winged BeingsThe area houses a good population of pheasants and upland birds apart from other species, both resident and migratory. The common birds are Griffon Vulture, Monal, Snow Cock, Koklas, Blue Rock Pigeon, Kashmir Roller, European Hoopoe, Jungle Crow, etc.

Sanctuary OverviewThe Hemis National Park is located in the Ladakh division of the Indian state of Jammu & Kashmir. Situated at a distance of around 40 km southeast of Leh, it takes its name from the world famous Buddhist Gompa situated here. The National Park is situated at the bank of river Indus and includes the catchments areas of Markha, Sumdah, and Rumbak streams.
Hemis High-Altitude National Park is the largest high-altitude reserve of India. Very close to Leh, in the area of Markha and Rumbak Valleys, the area in general is rocky and sparsely covered. The park comes under the district of Ladakh and represents the Trans-Himalayan ecosystem. The park was established in the year 1981 to preserve the dwindling population of wildlife in Ladakh region with an area of 600 sq km. The park has been earmarked as one of the snow leopard reserves under a central government project to conserve the species, its prey population, and fragile mountain habitat.Book a tour to Hemis High Altitude National ParkArriving At Hemis High-Altitude National ParkBy Flight : The nearest airport is Leh, which is connected by Indian Airlines to Delhi, Chandigarh, Srinagar, and Jammu.By Trackways : The nearest railhead is Jammu, situated at a distance of around 690 km. Jammu is connected to all parts of India.By Roadways : The Leh - Srinagar National Highway officially opens from May 15 to November 15 every year (depending on weather condition). The distances of some important destinations from Leh by road are : Srinagar, 434 km; Kargil, 230 km; Manali, 497 km; and Keylong, 380 km.
The Park EcosystemThe Animal BeingsMost of the endangered species of Ladakh have their home in Hemis. Some 11 species have been recorded, including wolf (Canis lupus), Pallas' cat (Felis manul), snow leopard (Panthera uncia), ibex (Capra ibex), bharal (Pseudois nayaur), Tibetan argali (Ovis ammon hodgsoni) and Ladakh urial (Orientalis vignei). Some snow leopards have also been recorded in the national park. There is a good population of bharal and urial in the park, as well as some ibex west of the Zanskar River.
The VegetationThe vegetation in the Hemis High-Altitude National Park can be characterized as high-altitude desert with sparse grasslands and herbaceous vegetation on mountain slopes and in harmony with rest of Ladakh. In the lower valley of the park, one can find scrublands and patchy forests. The dominant species include woundwort (Stachys tibetica), cinquefoils (Potentilla spp.), worm weeds (Artemesia spp.), Bistorta spp. and Agrostis spp. The meadows on valley bottoms are dominated by sedges, namely Carex spp. and Koresia spp.
The Winged BeingsAround 30 species of avifauna have been identified in the park, including Himalayan snowcock (Tetraogallus himalayensis) and chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar).

Dachigam National Park

Dachigam National Park is located only 22 kilometers from Sriniagar, the capital city of the northern state of Jammu and Kashmir. It covers an area of 141 square kilometers consisting of some of the most scenic natural beauty present on Earth. The variation in altitude is vast, ranging from 5500 ft to 14000 ft above mean sea level. Due to this vast variation, the park is very clearly demarcated into an upper and lower region. The best times to explore these two areas are summer and winter respectively. Due to the upper region's extremely harsh winter, the best months for visiting here is between the months of May and August. For the lower region, the ideal time is between September and December but is also equally rewarding in the summer months.
The park has been a protected area since 1910, first under the care and watchful eye of the Maharaja of J & K and later under the observation of the concerned government authorities. The name of the park literally stands for "ten villages" which could be in memory of the ten villages that were relocated for it's formation. It was finally upgraded and declared a National Park in the year 1981. Although it is the last proper home of the Hangul, or Kashmir Stag, and harbours many rare species within it's borders, it was initially created to ensure clean drinking water supply for the city of Srinagar.Book a tour to Dachigam National ParkDachigam is one sanctuary that cannot be seen in all it's glory with just one visit. This is due to the fact that the park changes it's entire appearance with the onset of each season, every one of which is as beautiful as the one before or the next to arrive.
A major portion of the park is under constant stress from over grazing and encroachments by neighbouring communities. Although the problem is still very much prevalent, it has been controlled to a large extent by the park authorities. A permit from the chief Wildlife Warden is necessary for anyone wanting to enter the park premises.
Arriving At Dachigam National ParkBy Flight : The nearest town and airport is Srinagar 22-km away. By Trackways : It is 310-km from Jammu, the nearest railway station. By Roadways : A metalled road links Srinagar with Lower Dachigam. Upper Dachigam can be reached on foot.

Aru

Aru - The nature in its bloomAru is a grassland surrounded by a gorge on one side. Aru is a beautiful shaded valley of the Lidder river. Encircling and protecting Aru, are the conifer spread mountains with occasional flash of high, snow-covered peaks rising against the blue sky. The one of the most beautiful hill resort of Kashmir is still, serene and idyllic.There are small hamlets of wood-and-stone houses, some of them in the typical Gujjar-shepherd style with flat roofs, squat and backed against the hillside.
Aru is on the shepherd's trail to the high Kashmiri meadows. While on your visit to Aru, you will often encounter with the Biblical-looking Bakerwal or Gujjar herds people - lean, saturnine men, beautiful, dark-eyed women and children, fierce dogs with burning yellow eyes, living in their log huts with their flocks of sheep and goats, on way to the higher pastures for the summer. This most ideal hill station is abundant with melodious river, rising up from the gorge and misty mountain ranges.Book a tour to AruThe little village of Aru is actually the first point from Pahalgam on the way to Lidderwat and the Kolahoi glacier. If you brimming with energy and zest then you could ride to the Lidderwat meadow, 11 kms away from here, making an interesting day walk from Pahalgam. Or you could trek for 24 kms to the Kolahoi Glacier at 3,200 metres. You can also spend the whole day unwinding. Walk in the hugging & whispering woods with the sun shafting in. You can also stretch out on pine-needles, bask in the honey-glow of the sunset. And when you sleep, let peace lull you in its soft arms across the high meadows of Kashmir's Aru.
The melodious chirrup of birds, the gentle touch of the breeze, the blue sky, is all that you may find at Aru. Aru is far away from the routine urban life, with meadow bordered on one side by a ravine of the Lidder River. A little stream also flows past in the green-gold grass.
Arriving At Aru By Flight : Nearest airport is Srinagar - 107 km via Pahalgam. By Trackways : Nearest rail station is situated in Jammu, which is connected to all the parts of India.By Roadways : Taxis and buses ply from Srinagar to Pahalgam and from there one can take a taxi, pony or can trek towards Aru.

Kashmir Handicrafts

Kashmir HandicraftsKashmiri handicrafts is world renowned and been appreciated since long time by the people all around the world. The exclusive items in exotic tastes are difficult to find elsewhere in the world. Kashmir produces some of its very own handicraft items for the people interested in Kashmiri Handicrafts and items. Though some duplicates are found in several places, which people sell and purchase by the name of Kashmiri Handicrafts. The intricacy and delicacy is difficult to find in others works.
Some must buy handicraft items one should buy are :
CarpetKashmiri carpets are very well known for their intricate and delicate piece of work. It may well be the single most extravagant purchase during your tour to Kashmir. Kashmiri carpets are world famous for two things - firstly, they are hand made and secondly, they are always knotted, never tufted. The yarn used normally is silk, wool or silk & wool. Woollen carpets always have a cotton base (Warp & Weft), The carpets are woven with certain motifs in vibrant colours. The finest of Kashmiri carpets are available at major showrooms. The amiable blend of colours makes the Kashmiri carpet a most loved possession.The colour and the design details differentiate it from any other carpet.
The knotting of the carpet is the most important aspect of carpet weaving. The knots of the carpets determines its durability and value, in addition to its design and pattern. The more knots per square inch, the greater becomes the value and durability of each carpet.Book a tour to KashmirPapier MacheThere are three different grades of Papier Mache work, although if looked at a glance all looks quite same. Some are actually cardboard or wood. The idea is to provide a cheaper product for someone who wants the look of Papier Mache at cheaper price.
To make a Papier Mache, first paper is soaked in water till it breaks apart. It is then crushed, mixed with an adhesive solution, shaped over moulds, and allowed to dry and set before being painted and given the final touch.
Bright colours are used on the designs painted on objects of Papier Mache. They are distinct in artistry and colours. Gold is used on most objects, either as the only color, or as the highlight for any particular motif. Apart from the design, the type of gold used also determines the price of the object. The pure gold work which has an unrivalled luster, is far more expensive than bronze dust or gold poster paint. It also has much longer life and will never fade or tarnish. Varnish which is applied to the finished product, imparts a high gloss and smoothness which increases with every coat.
Basketry Willows that grow in abundance in marshes and lakes in Kashmir are the raw materials to make aesthetically quaint items. The items generally made are shopping baskets, lampshades, tables and chairs, all generally inexpensive.
Walnut Wood Kashmir is the only part of India where walnut trees grow. Its color, grains and inherent sheen are unique and outstanding, and the carving and fret work done on this wood is of supreme quality. There are two types of walnut trees – the fruit bearing species whose wood is so well- known, and one which bears no fruit.
The walnut wood is almost black, and the grain here is much more assured than the wood of the trunk which is lighter in color. The branches have the lightest color, being almost blonde, and have no evident grain. The intrinsic worth of the wood from each part of the tree differs- that from the root being the most expensive and the branches having the lowest price. Being one of the strongest varieties of wood, walnut has several varieties of carving. The walnut wood is generally used to make several types of handicraft items with unique Kashmiri artistry.
Copper and Silverware Craftsmen are often seen engraving objects of household utility - samovars, bowls, plates and trays. Floral, stylized, geometric, leaf and sometimes calligraphic motifs are also engraved or embossed on copper and occasionally silver, to cover the entire surface with fine designs which are then oxidized, to stand out from the background. The work known as ‘naqashi’ and the weight of the object actuates the price of the object.

Culture of J & K

Jammu and Kashmir or J&K has the distinctiveness of having multihued, motley of unique cultural blend, differentiating it from the rest of the country. Jammu & Kashmir is not only different in cultural forms and heritage, but also different in geographical, demographically, ethical and social entities from other parts of the country. The state is accurately shaped into a spectrum of variance and variation
Clearly visible in the distinct parts - Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh, all yielding diverse religion, language and culture, but constantly interfusing, making it sparkling specimens of Indian unity in diversity. The various cultural forms like art & architecture, fairs & festivals, rites & rituals, seers & sagas, languages and landscapes, mounted on the ageless era of history, speaks aloud of uniformity and diversity with matchless cultural symmetry & service.
Kashmir has been the highest learning point of Sanskrit and Persian where early Indo-Aryanic civilization has originated and flourished. Ladakh on the other side, has been the highest living centre of Tantrayan Buddhism. Similarly Jammu, has been the axis of Rajas and Maharajas, who have enriched the cultural, historical and social bonds of all these diverse ethnic and linguistic sections of the state. The ancient archeological monuments and remnants of the past are the true picture of the rich cultural traditions of the state.
Kashmir is justly said to be the Nature's grand finale of beauty. In this masterpiece of earth's creation seasons in strong individuality vie with one another in putting up exquisite patterns of charm and loveliness. Nature has left an indelible mark on the folk performances of Kashmir as they are intimately interlined with the moods and movements of the seasons.
Jammu the land of the Dogras, offer an entirely different fare of dances and music. Over the centuries long spell of seperation from their soldier, husbands and brothers have led the hardy but graceful women of the Duggar to evolve many diverting dances and songs to keep themselves in cheer in their free moments. The songs of seperation the ever increasing yearning for reunion with the beloved, the hard life on the mountain slopes and various other themes connected with their day-to-day life find their echo in folk songs and dances.
Ladakh is the repository of ancient cultural heritage. It is the only place in the world where Tantrayans Buddhism is practised as a way of life. People of this region are deeply drenched in music, dance and drama which embody religious fervour. Ladakhi songs and dances are simple in thought, content and performance to. Ladakhi dances reveal the simple and noble nature of the Ladakhi people. Song and drama both are the means towards salvation.
Kashmir, is a land of fabled beauty and eternal romance, blessed by nature with breath-taking scenery and a glorious climate. The Kashmir valley, a fertile well watered spot, surrounded by high mountains has been described with justification as a "heaven on earth", a produce rich oasis an area not noted for its abundance. The valley of Kashmir is described as an emerald set in pearls, a land of lakes, clear streams, green turf, magnificent trees and mighty mountains. Although Kashmir has a rich heritage of poets, writers, philosophers, intellectuals and craftsmen but it has basically established itself as an agricultural economy.
Kashmiris form a distinct cultural and ethnic group in the administrative unit of the Himalayan state of Jammu and Kashmir, known as "Kashir" to the inhabitants of the valley and as Kashmir in the official circles. Perched securely among the Himalayas at an average height of 6,000 feet above the sea. North, east and west, range after range of mountains guard the valley from the outer world while on the south it is cut off from the Punjab by rocky barriers fifty to seventy five miles in length.
The valley is a resting place for adventurous traders from distant markets of Yarkand and Central Asia, and it furnished a base for military operations against the wild and turbulent tribes of Shinaki country to the north and north east. More to the east lie the peaceful valleys of Baltistan or Little Thibet, where gentle Baltis lead their harmless lives in a high, dry climate.
Between Kashmir and Skardu (8,873 feet), the chief stronghold of Baltis, are the great mountain plains of Devsai (13,400 feet), and to the east lies the high valley of Dras through which runs the road to Leh and Yarkand. A journey of few days from Kashmir carries one into countries of new languages, customs and religions like the primitive Shins who live along the spurs of mighty Nanga Parbat, the Mongolian Baltis of little Thibet and the simple Ladakhis, Buddhists and polyandrists.
Kashmiris inhabit contiguous areas of Jammu region in Doda, Rajouri, Poonch, Gool, Gulabgarh, Mahour, Dudu and Bani areas of Kathua district. Kashmiri language is spoken in all these areas of Jammu region and ethnically and culturally this forms a compact area along with valley of Kashmir.

Gardens in kashmir

The Land of Extended Gardens - KashmirKashmir, befittingly famed as the paradise on land is famous for its praiseworthy Mughal Gardens - with vast picturesque hillsides, excellent waterbodies and packed flowering shrubs and trees, laid in decorous quadrangles by the Mughal emperors, whose love fro the land was illustrious.
Formally laid out lawns, vibrant flower beds, earthward fountains, surrounded by the vista of Dal lake in front of them, the gardens in Kashmir are captivating and delightful. The harmonious amalgam of designs; creative use of the landscapes & plantings and the miscellaneous mixture of colours, textures and plants presents a sense of bliss to the beholders. The Mughal gardens of Shalimar, Nishat, Chashmeshahi and others like Pari Mahal and Harwan are like exquistely carved lawns with stepped terraces and rich waterbodies.
The Gardens you can spot in Kashmir :Shalimar GardenLocated in Srinagar, Shalimar Gardens or Shalimar Bagh was laid out by Emperor Jehangir for his wife Nur Jahan in 1616. Shalimar Gardens are the magnum opus of Srinagar's many gardens and parks. This beautiful garden was originally named the Farah Bakhsh or 'delightful garden', but today it is known as the 'garden of love'. The garden features a canal, lined with polished stones and is supplied with water from Harwan runs through the middle of the garden. The fourth terrace was once reserved for royal ladies. It represents a pavilion built of black stone in the centre of the tank, which was used as a banquet hall. Shalimar Bagh has an air of solitude and quietude, and its rows of amazing fountains and shaded lined trees seem to retire towards the snow dressed mountains. A sound and light show is held here every evening between May to October in the tourist season. Book a tour to KashmirNishat BaghNishat Bagh is smaller than Shalimar Garden, but is more movingly beautiful. Nishat Bagh was built by Asaf Khan, Empress Nur Jahan's brother. Nishat is celebrated for its stately chinar (plane) trees, imported to Kashmir from Persia by the Mughals. Among these, many of the giant chinar trees have been planted by the Mughal Emperors.
Nishat has 12 terraces representing the 12 signs of the zodiac, which seems to gradually descend and merge in the Dal Lake's periphery. The terraces viewed along with the bed of flower, a mosaic of bright and beautiful colours, creates an unforgettable sight. Also found within its surroundings are some remnants of Mughal era buildings including a double storey pavilion enclosed on two sides latticed windows.
Gardens of Chashma ShahiLaid out by Shah Jehan, the gardens of Chashma Shahi, so named because of a mountain spring that waters it. The gardens include three terraces, an aqueduct, waterfalls and fountains.
Cheshmashahi is the Ist Mughal Garden you will come across after Nehru Park. Smallest of the Srinagar Mughal gardens, the Chasma Shahi, or 'Royal Spring', are well set up the hillside, above the Nehru Memorial Park. The fresh water spring in these pleasant, calm gardens is renowned to have medicinal values. There is also a small shrine, the Chasma Sahibi, close to the gardens, which also has a fresh water spring.
Pari MahalPari Mahal was initially a garden founded by Dara Shiko, Mughal Emperor Shah Jehan's eldest son for his Sufi teacher, Mulla Shah. Once dotted with numerous springs, which have dried up now, the Pari Mahal gardens are now the treasure possession of the state. Pari Mahal is bedazzling with radiant lights at night, and though located on the spur of a hill, can he seen from most places in Srinagar.Pari Mahal, once a Buddhist monastery, was converted into a school of astrology by Dara Shikoh. Pari Mahal gardens are now fully maintained by the state government.
HarwanSouth of the village Harwan, on the hillside, one can see some remarkable remains of ancient ornamented tile pavements of the Buddhist era. The tiles depict the dresses of the people of that time, such as loose trousers, Turkoman caps or close fitting turbans and large ear-rings which presents the central Asian influence.

Dal Lake

Dal LakeDal lake of Kashmir is one of the most beautiful and picturesque lakes in India. It has been and continues to be a part of the poetry by some renowned poets. The second largest lake of Jammu and Kashmir state, Dal Lake is encircled by magnificent mountains on three sides. Adorning the banks of the Dal Lake is a number of blooming gardens and orchards. Five basins and a number of channels well linked with each other are some of the features of the lake. Dal Lake is approximately 6 km by 3 km in size and changes its moods and scenery after every few kilometers.
The embankments of Dal Lake also house a number of Mughal monuments and the campus of the University of Kashmir. Further beautifying the scenery of the lake are two hillocks that house the famous shrine of Shankaracharya and Hari Parbat temples. The other unique features of the Dal Lake are the famous Shikaras and Houseboats. Numerous houseboats line the lake, providing their guests with serene atmosphere and picturesque surroundings. The Shikaras provide ferry rides to and from the banks of the lake to the houseboats.
The Dal lake of Kashmir, India is divided into four parts by causeways, namely Gagribal, Lokut Dal, Bod Dal and Nagin. Scenery of this lake also consists of clusters of sloping roofed houses on its islands. Apart from being one of the greatest attractions of the valley, Dal Lake also supports the second largest industry of the region, fishing. The plethora of fishes in the lake provides occupation to a large number of people in the valley. It is believed Dal Lake originated from the Pleistocene Oligotrophic Lake, which at one point of time covered the entire Kashmir valley.

Patnitop

The Beautiful Serene Hill StationPatnitop a beautiful hill station in the state of Jammu & Kashmir is no less beautiful or serene. If one is aiming to get away from it all for some time, this place is hard to beat. With all its beauty as a hill station, it is a charming plateau at an altitude of 2, 024 m. The grassland is surrounded by dense forest and lush green Pines.
Arriving At Patnitop By Roadways : Buses and taxis are available from Jammu, Katra, Udhampur. By a taxi it takes about 3 and a half hours to reach Patnitop and bus takes about 5 hours.
The Major Fascinations At PatnitopTrekking : Picturesquely situated at a high altitude, there are many pleasant walks around this popular hill station. Patnitop is a good starting place for many short or longer treks into the nearby mountains. An attractive one-day walk is to Shiva Garh, about 11-km from Patnitop at an altitude of almost 3,500 metres.
The beautiful paths passes through wooded lanes and fascinating scenery linking Patnitop with Kud and Batote. There are three, gushing, ice-cold freshwater springs in the area, which are said to have medicinal values. The complete tourist circuit comprise of Jammu-Katra-Vaishno Deviji, Kud-Sanasar, Patnitop-Gourikund, Sudmahadev, Mantali, extending upto Latti-Dhuna.
Other Fascinations At PatnitopPatnitop is a perfect spot for walks and picnics. Sanasar, 19-km away was chosen by J&K Tourism for major development. Situated in a Gulmarg-like meadow it has picnic spots around. The 6-hole golf course is being expanded to 9-holes.
Pony rides along little known trails, camping and walks can be indulged in by those with a less adventurous interest. One who is interested in extreme sports can opt for Para gliding and basic skiing, introduces in recent years.

water sports in Kashmir

Experience Water Sport in Kashmir
Jammu & Kashmir offers several opportunities for water sports.Amongst them River rafting and water skiing are very popular.
River RaftingRafting Centres The three best-established and most reliable companies rafting in Leh are : » Ri Mo Rafting, who work from the » Hotel Kang La Chen near The Ecology Centre.» Highland Adventures, on the first floor of the Hotel Ibex Complex. » Indus Himalaya, opposite the Hotel Yak Tail on Fort Road.
Note: Make sure while booking that the price includes transport to and from the river, rental of life vests, helmets, meals and that the raft has a waterproof strong box for valuable.
Rafting On The River Indus Between the end of June and late August, when water levels are high, Leh's most travel agents and travel operators organises rafting trips on the Indus river. This event is still in its infancy with floating downstream in a rugged and beautiful landscape.Experience Water Sport in KashmirRiver Rafting in LadakhRiver rafting in Ladakh is difficult to find anywhere else in the world. It provides the best opportunity to enjoy and observe the natural beauty of the awesome landscapes with snow-covered mountain peaks, deep gorges, hillside villages, towering hilltop monasteries and glimpses of the unique wildlife. Ladakh provides an array of rafting options on the Indus and its main tributaries.
The best stretch for professionally guided runs in white water is on the Indus between Spituk and Nimu or Saspol, which rates 2 to 3 in the international river grading scale of 1 to 6. Upstream of Spituk, the Indus has the easiest stretch up to Karu, which is ideal for beginners training. In recent years, running the Indus has become a popular option and features on the itinerary of most travelers.
The most difficult but enthusing rafting option is available on the Zanskar River, along its daring course through a gorge in the Zanskar Mountains, between Padum and Nimu. This is fitted only for well-organised white-water expeditions, framed for about a week of rafting and camping in complete wilderness. It is necessary that the participants are trained rafters themselves while the arrangements are assigned to a reliable professional agency. Adequate arrangement for rescue operation is an important prerequisite for undertaking this white-water expedition.
The Two River Stretches Two different stretches of the river are engaged : from Spituk to the Indus Zanskar unites at Nimmu, and from Nimmu to the ancient temple complex at Alchi. Skilled rafters may also be desirous to try the more challenging route between Alchi and Khalsi, which takes in the kilometre long series of rapids at Nurla.
Several agents around Fort Road arranges white water rafting on the Indus, who bring up the equipment for rafting during the season. One should book tickets at least a day in advance, preferably through the tour agent themselves.
Water SkiingSkiing is considered to be one of the prime extreme sports in the adventurous sport, but water skiing is something that allows a water sport lover to make a splash at the oceanic depths of the sea world. It is just like surfing in many ways, here too you do get to balance on the ski board, but a strong sensory power is also required here.
Water sports are the fun making aspect of Kashmir. The Dal and Nagin lakes in Srinagar and the Manasbal Lake, 32-km from Srinagar are the best places for water-skiing.
The largest area of the Dal, the Boddal, has privately owned 'bathing boats', water-skies and trained instructors. There are more bathing boats at the Nagin Lake and also a government run Institute to guide the lovers of Water Sports. The Nagin lake too has trained instructors and is more preferred because of its clean water.
The Treasured Location In Isolation Manasbal Lake, accessible from Srinagar by road, is isolated from the rest of the world by the hills that surround it. Tranquil with a mirror like gloss on its base makes Manasbal an attractive water sports resort. One can hire the latest water-skiing equipment and also specially trained instructors for the beginners here. All through the summer season in Kashmir - starting from May to the end of August - the water of the lakes in Kashmir is pleasant for water sports. The Tourist's huts and bungalows are available on all the above resorts to make the stay on these places a memorable and comfortable one.

Srinagar

About Srinagar
Capital city of the state, 900 km N of Delhi via Pathankot and Jammu if tour arrange by a road (Coaches). Or flight from Delhi Airport to reach this beautiful capital of Srinagar. Srinagar is the summer capital of the state of Jammu and Kashmir and is the pride of the beautiful valley of Kashmir. Srinagar is famous for its lakes and the charming rows of houseboats floating on them. It is also known for traditional Kashmiri handicrafts and dry fruits. Srinagar is located in the western part of the state of Jammu and Kashmir, in the northern region of India. Beat the heat in the hill resort of Srinagar.
Srinagar's showpiece, the Dal Lake, brightens slowly in the early sunshine with the colorful reflections of gaily decorated houseboats. Srinagar is the summer capital of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. The scintillating hill resort is ideally located in the Kashmir valley. Srinagar offers the spectacular sights of the lovely lakes and the houseboats on them. The dry fruits and the traditional Kashmiri handicrafts are the other major attractions of the hill resort. It is located in the Kashmir valley. River Jhelum passes through Srinagar city. Srinagar is 876 km north of Delhi.
The valley of Kashmir, in which Srinagar is located, is also referred to as being a heaven on earth. The Mughal emperor Jahangir was so captivated by the beauty of this valley that he exclaimed "Gar firdaus, ruhe zamin ast, hamin asto, hamin asto, hamin asto" (If there is a heaven on earth, it's here, it's here, it's here). There are a number of tourist places in and around Srinagar.
What to Buy Srinagar
Srinagar is famous for its traditional Kashmiri handicrafts. The Handicraft items make excellent souvenirs from Srinagar. Besides the number of utilitarian items of daily use, Woolen and silk carpets from Srinagar are a specialty. The carpets are not only known for their highly intricate decorations and patterns, which show a strong Islamic/Persian influence, they are also renowned for their durability and subtle colors. Chain-stitch carpets from Srinagar are also popular craft items.
The handicrafts repertoire of Kashmir is incomplete without woolen shawls and woodcarving. You may purchase richly embroidered woolen shawls in all colors and intricate designs in Srinagar. Apart from regular woolen shawls, you can also buy Pashmina shawls (made from the hair of ibex), which is a highly valued shawl made in Kashmir. As Kashmir is the only state in India where walnut trees grow, craftsmen here create intricate carvings on walnut wood to make items like tables, chairs, stools, fruit bowls, partitions, etc., that have rich floral and trellis patterns carved on them. All these handicraft items make options for gift items from Srinagar.
Adventure Sports Srinagar
The adventure seekers and the animal lovers may plan a safari to the Dachigam National Park. The wildlife reserve is just twenty-two km from Srinagar. You may check out the unique Himalayan flora and fauna at Dachigam. Dachigam is home to Leopards, cinnamon sparrows, black and yellow grosbeak, black bulbuls, pheasant and the Himalayan gray langur. You may even travel to Pahalgam, 95 km east of Srinagar. Pahalgam is located in the quiet Liddar valley, at a height of 2130 m. It provides an ideal setting for activities like hiking, trekking and fishing. It is also the starting point of the annual pilgrimage to the holy cave of Amarnath.
Excursions from Srinagar
Sonamarg is 80 km northeast of Srinagar and is located at an altitude of 2740 m. It is set in a valley amongst glaciers and placid lakes. The flower? laden meadows, panoramic view of the lofty snow? covered Himalayan peaks, and a number of trekking and hiking trails have made Sonamarg a popular tourist destination.
Pahalgam is 95 km east of Srinagar and is located in the quiet Liddar valley, at a height of 2130 m. It provides an ideal setting for activities like hiking, trekking and fishing. It is also the starting point of the annual pilgrimage to the holy cave of Amarnath.
How to Reach Srinagar
The hill resort of Srinagar is easily accessible. In terms of air transport Srinagar is linked with Delhi through Jammu. You may fly further to Leh from Srinagar. The Jammu Tawi railway station is the nearest to Srinagar at a distance of 305 km. Srinagar boasts of excellent road traffic owing to the well developed network. Srinagar is linked with other important places like Chandigarh, Delhi, Jammu, Leh, Kargil, Gulmarg, Sonamarg, and Pahalgam, through road. The main bus station of Srinagar is at city center of Lal Chowk. For transportation in and around auto-rickshaws and mini-buses are easily available.

Ladakh and Leh

The stark and rugged landscape, situated amidst multiple-hued mountains, some smooth enough, others scraggly; the town has an overwhelmingly Buddhist character, dotted with gompas and marketplaces swarming with monks.
The land of high passes, Ladakh has been variously described as the Moon land, Little Tibet and even the last Shangri La, because of its hold of Buddhist religion, the innumerable monasteries and its location at one of the remotest regions of India.
History
Earliest inhabitants of Ladakh, were the Khampas - nomads who grazed their yaks on the high, windswept pastures. Deldan Namgyal in circa 1620 - 60, enlisting the assistance of the Mughals, and extended Ladakhi power. In 1834 Zorawar Singh, an Army General, conquered Ladakh and brought the area under the control of the Dogra Maharajah of Kashmir.
The dethroned royal family received the Stok Palace, where they still live today. Following independence of India and partition in 1947, Ladakh, like Kashmir, was divided. Indian and Chinese troops have been stationed on the eastern border, since the Chinese invasion of Tibet in 1950-51.
Since the 1962 war, the Indian army has maintained a very strong presence in Ladakh. The strategic requirements, of better links with the rest of India, were primarily responsible for Ladakh being opened up, to some influences from outside.
Culture
The high culture of Ladakh is Buddhist and this is particularly evident with its whitewashed gompas (monasteries) and forts, perched on top of Sugarloaf Mountains. A miniature version of Tibet, the people are Tibetan in their culture and religion, and share a spiritual center in Tibet.
This spiritual connection, coupled with the tremendous isolation of the area, has created a unique community within the vast democracy of India. The inhabitants are simple smiling people, who greet one and all with the all-encompassing jule, which could mean hello, bye, and thank you and please! While Gompas (Buddhist monasteries), dot the landscape and are central to the life of the villages, many of their monastic festivals take the form of dance dramas.

Leh

Brief Profile

Leh is a lovely town. Nestled along the Indus River, the town lies in a fertile valley surrounded by barren mountains. An important town in the region and the major hub for travelers coming into Ladakh, this high altitude desert is dominated by the imposing Leh Palace and the Namgyal Tsemo.
Lying in the Himalayas watershed, the labyrinthine lanes and pathways of Leh snake around the parti-colored streets of Leh Bazaar and wind on to meet the pretty Sankar and Changspa Villages that fringe the outskirts of Leh While Changspa has important Buddhist carvings dating back to the 8th century when Ladakh was converted to Buddhism, Lehs main Buddhist place of worship is the Soma Gompa, close to the mosque commissioned by the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb.
History
Lehs character changed when Ladakh was opened up to foreign tourists in 1974. Until 1947 it had close trading relations with Central Asia; yak trains would set off from the Leh Bazaar to complete the stages over the Karakoram Pass to Yarkand and Kashgar. Today Leh is an important strategic center for India.
The large military presence is a reminder that the region of Ladakh is situated along India's sensitive borders with both Pakistan and China. Buddhism traveled along the Silk Road and the Kashmir and Ladakh feeder, which have also seen the passage of soldiers, explorers and pilgrims, forerunners of the tourists who today contribute most to the urban economy.
Since the 1962 war, the Indian army has maintained a very strong presence in Ladakh. The strategic requirements, of better links with the rest of India, were primarily responsible for Ladakh being opened up, to some influences from outside.
Culture
Although part of the state of Jammu and Kashmir, Leh in Ladakh, has distinct cultural geographical terrain, religion and lifestyle. Lying in the Himalaya watershed, this high altitude desert is dominated by the imposing Leh Palace and the Namgyal Tsemo.
The labyrinthine lanes and pathways of Leh, snake around the parti-colored streets of Leh Bazaar and wind on to meet the pretty Sankar and Changspa Villages that fringe the outskirts of Leh. In the month of May, as the first few tourists trickle in, the lazy market streets shrug off their yearly winter slumber, and gear up to entice the innumerable blonde and dark heads that start to bob up and down the towns many alleys.
These streets resonates with smatterings of Hebrew, German, French, Spanish, Swahili, Chinese, English and Ladakhi, to name a few, especially during July and August when Leh turns into a clip from one of the less controversial Benetton advertisements.

Pahalgam

A quaint little village nestled on the banks of the river Lidder; Pahalgam is an idyllic resort, with surroundings, ideal for relaxation and leisure, in the true spirit of a traditional hill-station holiday. Set amidst fir and pine covered mountains; Pahalgam is renowned for its natural beauty and has a golf course at 2400 meters.
Situated at the confluences of the Lidder and Sheshnag streams, this place is an anglers delight and even an amateur can catch a rainbow trout from the rushing streams. The base for several treks in the region and the cave-shrine of Amarnath, camping equipment, ponies and skiing equipment is readily available. Kolahoi is a popular destination via Aru a charming meadow.

History----------
Pahalgam has scenery, not history. It does not have much of a local population, as a result of which, it does not have much to offer, by way of heritage.
Culture-----------
Pahalgam has no special events and festivals.

Sonmarg

The drive to Sonamarg is through the Sindh Valley which presents yet another spectacular facet of countryside in Kashmir. Situated at an altitude of 2730 m, Sonamarg (‘The meadow of gold’) has, as its backdrop, snowy mountains against a cerulean sky. The Sindh River that meanders through the valley abounds with trout and mahaseer. Ponies can be hired for the trip up to Thajiwas glacier, which is a major local attraction during the summer months.
Sonamarg is the base of a major trek that passes along several mountain lakes –Vishansar, Kishansar, Gadsar, Satsar and Gangabal. Sonamarg is also the take off station for the drive to Ladakh across the Zojila, a major pass in the Great Himalayan Range, through which the Srinagar-Leh Road passes.
Sonamarg is also a base for undertaking the yatra to the holy Amarnath cave, during Sawan Purnima. For details about the yatra, refer to the Amaranathji Yatra Link.

Gulmarg

Gulmarg's legendary beauty, prime location and proximity to Srinagar naturally make it one of the premier hill resorts in the country. Originally called ‘Gaurimarg’ by shepherds, its present name was given in the 16th century by Sultan Yusuf Shah, who was inspired by the sight of its grassy slopes emblazoned with wild flowers. Gulmarg was a favourite haunt of Emperor Jehangir who once collected 21 different varieties of flowers from here. Today Gulmarg is not merely a mountain resort of exceptional beauty- it also has the highest green golf course in the world, at an altitude of 2,650 m, and is the country's premier ski resort in the winter.

The journey to Gulmarg is half the enchantment of reaching there-- roads bordered by rigid avenues of poplar give over to flat expanses of rice fields interspersed with picturesque villages. Depending on the season, nature's colours could be the translucent green of spring, summer’s rich emerald, or autumn’s golden hues, when scarlet chillies festoon windows of village homes. After Tangmarg, the climb to Gulmarg begins through fir-covered hillsides. At one point, known simply as View Point, travellers generally stop their vehicles for a few minutes and look out a spectacle of snow-covered mountains, almost within touching distance.